Background and aim: The correct PATIENT identification is a key step in performing Safe therapeutic procedures for PATIENTs and Nurses’ professional commitment has an important impact on improving PATIENT care. This study examines the Relationship between Nurses professional commitment and PATIENT MISIDENTIFICATION.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, correlational study. Through a stratified sampling method, 300 nurses were selected. Data were collected by a three-part questionnaire consisted of demographic data, MISIDENTIFICATION and Nurses Professional Commitment questionnaire.Data were analyzed on SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The participants were between 22-50 years old and the majority of them was women (86.7%) and married (64%). The mean score for PATIENT MISIDENTIFICATION was 9 (Low) for each nurses in past 3 months and it was 86 (Committed) for Nurses Professional Commitment and there was significant relationship between PATIENT MISIDENTIFICATION and Nurses Professional Commitment (p<0.049).Conclusion: The incidence of PATIENT MISIDENTIFICATION by Committed Nurses indicates on Inevitability of the error. Therefore, making strategies to reporting errors and get help from other members of the care team can help in preventing and reducing errors.

Background and objective: Accurate and definitive identification of pathogenic bacteria is essential for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infection and trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a part of the human normal microbiota and known as opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium is the most important cause of indwelling device-related infections. Escherichia coli as a member of human and animal gut flora, is the most commonly isolated pathogen from uncomplicated urinary tract infections as well as catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The aim of this study is to report the rate of MISIDENTIFICATION of two common bacteria in a university hospital in Isfahan.Materials and methods: During December 2014 and November 2015, a total of 284 E. coli and 135 S. epidermidis strains were collected from a university hospital laboratory in Isfahan. All isolated were identified using standard biochemical tests and PCR by specific primers.Results: The results of phenotypic and genetic testing in the laboratory were consistent with each other, but were not in agreement with results of bacterial identification in the hospital. Therefore, the results showed that 55 (19.4%) and 28 (20.7%) of strains were not E. coli and S. epidermidis, respectively.Conclusion: Accurate and definitive identification of pathogenic bacteria, using standard operating procedures (SOP) in medical laboratories and providing useful therapeutic guidelines can help clinicians to remove and eradicate infections from the hospitals and community.

As a rare subtype of delusional MISIDENTIFICATION syndromes (DMSs), Fregoli Delusion involves the belief that two or more individuals are actually the same person disguised as another. In this case report, a 23-year-old male presents with Fregoli Delusion, self-inflicted harm, and a history of being kidnapped and abused. While the PATIENT had abstained from alcohol and drugs for two years, neuroimaging revealed non-specific developmental anomalies, adding to the complexity of the clinical situation. Diagnoses and treatments are complicated by the coexistence of psychotic symptoms, mood dysregulation, and complex delusional constructs. A combination of antipsychotic medication and cognitive behavioural therapy is more effective in treating schizophrenic PATIENTs. It is important to closely monitor this PATIENT due to their history of non-adherence to their treatment plan and drug abuse. As a result of this situation, trauma-focused care and personalized interventions are necessary, as well as additional research to enhance the treatment of Fregoli Delusions resulting from this situation.

Objective: Medicinal plants organize an effective source of folk and modern medicine. Correct identification, authentication and quality control are essential to ensure safety, therapeutic potency, efficacy and reproducible quality of herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to use taxonomic method for authentication of traditional herbal drugs which are commonly sold in herbal shops in Iran. In this regard, twenty-seven cases of herbal drugs suspected to be adulterated were investigated.Material and Methods: Crude raw material of herbal drugs was prepared from the various markets in Iran and was identified at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Herbarium (FUMH(.Results: Taxonomic evaluation revealed that 78 species belonging to 21 families which are traded in Iranian market should be considered as authentic, adulterated and substituted samples.Conclusion: It was concluded that nowadays, many of the medicinal plants available in the market have ambiguous identification along with adulteration and contamination. The present study provides awareness amongst the traders, researchers, clinicians and manufacturing units about the ambiguity of authenticity in the traded herbal raw materials.

Introduction: Vibrio cholera is the primary culprit of the cholera epidemic, causing gastrointestinal diseases. Non-O1/O139 strains of V. cholera spread into food and drink, causing food poisoning. The present study aimed to investigate the identification ability of the VITEK Mass Spectrometer (VITEK MS) for V. cholera strains. Case Presentation: Firstly, we utilized VITEK MS and VITEK 2 Compact, in addition to the serum agglutination test and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to identify two V. cholera strains. The VITEK MS was employed to identify two clinical strains of V. cholera, and their protein spectra were compared. The VITEK MS incorrectly identified one strain as Vibrio mimicus with a confidence level of 99. 9%,nevertheless, another strain was correctly identified as V. cholera with a confidence level of 99. 9%. VITEK 2 Compact identified both strains as V. cholera at a confidence level of 97. 0%. Serological tests revealed that the V. cholera strains were neither in the O1 nor O139 group. The 16S rRNA sequencing results confirmed the strains as V. cholera. The protein profiles of V. cholera and V. mimicus were observed to be similar, leading to the inability of the mass spectrometer to distinguish between them. Conclusions: Vibrio mimicus and V. cholera both belong to the Vibrio genus. The VITEK MS cannot completely differentiate between V. cholera and V. mimicus. For accurate identification, it is recommended to use biochemical serological tests by VITEK 2 Compact or serum.

Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a protozoan, which is controversial regarding pathogenicity in the respiratory disease, and identification methods. This study investigated the presence of this protozoan in PATIENTs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to assess these controversies. Materials and Methods: Samples of 83 PATIENTs hospitalized in the ICU ward of Afzalipoor, Shafa, and Shahid Bahonar hospitals (Kerman, Iran) were collected. The samples were examined using microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to check the presence of Lophomonas blattarum. Then, the efficiency of the method used was investigated using bioinformatics studies and the presence of Trichomonas tenax in the samples was investigated. Results: Of 83, 38 (46%) were female, 45 (54%) were male, and their age was 46. 6 ± 14. 45 years. Microscopic examination did not show any in the samples. The real-time PCR method showed 16 positive samples with primers that had been reported in other studies for Lophomonas blattarum. The bioinformatics study showed the method introduced in the other studies lacks the efficiency and specificity, and there is no information in the databases to design a molecular method based on the PCR for identification of Lophomonas blattarum. The results of examining the presence of Trichomonas tenax using the real-time PCR method showed that 16 samples with a positive result for Lofomonas blattarum contained Trichomonas tenax, which indicated that a MISIDENTIFICATION had probably occurred. Conclusion: The current methods that are used to identify Lophomonas blattarum do not have the sensitivity and specificity required to identify this protozoan.

Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a protozoan, which is controversial regarding pathogenicity in the respiratory disease, and identification methods. This study investigated the presence of this protozoan in PATIENTs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to assess these controversies. Materials and Methods: Samples of 83 PATIENTs hospitalized in the ICU ward of Afzalipoor, Shafa, and Shahid Bahonar hospitals (Kerman, Iran) were collected. The samples were examined using microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to check the presence of Lophomonas blattarum. Then, the efficiency of the method used was investigated using bioinformatics studies and the presence of Trichomonas tenax in the samples was investigated. Results: Of 83, 38 (46%) were female, 45 (54%) were male, and their age was 46. 6 ± 14. 45 years. Microscopic examination did not show any in the samples. The real-time PCR method showed 16 positive samples with primers that had been reported in other studies for Lophomonas blattarum. The bioinformatics study showed the method introduced in the other studies lacks the efficiency and specificity, and there is no information in the databases to design a molecular method based on the PCR for identification of Lophomonas blattarum. The results of examining the presence of Trichomonas tenax using the real-time PCR method showed that 16 samples with a positive result for Lofomonas blattarum contained Trichomonas tenax, which indicated that a MISIDENTIFICATION had probably occurred. Conclusion: The current methods that are used to identify Lophomonas blattarum do not have the sensitivity and specificity required to identify this protozoan.